KINE 198 Chapter 11

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Human Diseases

Communicable Diseases

Transmitted from person to person (direct and indirect transmission)

HIV / AIDS (Non-sexual)

• Formerly transmitted via blood transfusions (pre-1985)
• Sharing needles
• Blood/Breast milk transmission from mother to child

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Bacteria
• 85% involve lung tissues
• Diagnosed with chest x-ray, culture and microscopic evaluation
• Most people "lock away" bacteria (latent)
• Now only 5-10% of people die (lack of testing or not sticking to medication)

Mononucleosis

• "Kissing disease" or "mono"
• Teens at greatest risk
• Body has to get rid of it on it's own
• Hangs around for a long time
• Fatigue and headache (Enlarged spleen)
• Elevated white blood cell count

Hepatitis

• Inflammation of the liver
• liver is a very important organ
• 6 known viral types
  • 3 are common (A, B, and C)
  • 3 are uncommon (D, E, and G)

	A	B	C
Incubation	2-6 weeks	6 weeks — 4 months	3-12 weeks
Method of Transmission	Fecal/oral; contaminated food/water	Blood or body fluids	Blood or body fluids
Prevention	Good sanitation	STI; sharing needles	Same as B
Signs & Symptoms	Jaundice, Fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, fever	30% NONE; same as A with vomiting and joint pain	80% NONE; same as A with dark urine
Complications	No carriers or chronic liver disease	10% become chronic carriers and develop liver disease	70% become carriers and many develop liver disease
Treatment	Treat symptoms	Medication	Medication
Immunization	Yes, 2+ yrs	Yes	No

Meningitis

• Inflammation of membrane that covers spinal cord
• Viral or Bacterial (more serious)
• College freshmen at high risk
• Symptoms: High fever, severe headache, stiff neck, rash
• Prevention: Good hygiene and vaccination

Influenza

Symptoms	Cold	Flu
Fever	Rare	Characteristic (3-4 days)
Headache	Rare	Prominent
General aches/pain	Slight	Usual; often severe
Fatigue/Weakness	Mild	2-3 weeks
Exhaustion	Never	Early and Prominent
Stuffy nose	Common	Sometimes
Sneezing	Usual	Sometimes
Sore throat	Common	Sometimes
Chest discomfort	...	...

• Wash hands often; keep hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth
• Drink at least 8 glasses of water/day
• Get 6-8 hours of rest each day
• Use Tissues instead of a handkerchief
• Get enough Vitamin C
• Receive a flu shot

Non-communicable Diseases =

Cancer

4 types:

• Carcinoma (most common)
  • Originate in the outer layer of an organ
• Sarcomas
  • Begin in supportive/connective tissue
• Leukemias
  • Start in Bone marrow or spine
• Lymphomas
  • Form in lymphatic system

Invasion and Metastasis

• Cancer cells invade healthy cells and grow
• Can be transmitted through the blood stream (metastasis: mobile cancer)

Treatment

• Surgery (remove a non-metastasized tumor)
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy (injecting drugs)
• Immunotherapy (activating body's immune system)

Warning Signs

1. Change in bladder or bowel habits
2. Sore that does not heal
3. Unusual bleeding or discharge
4. Thickening/lump in breast, testes, or elsewhere
5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
6. Nagging cough or hoarseness

Prevention

• Skin Cancer
  • I'm at a moderate risk
  • Sun protection: Use SPF 15+ and reapply often; hats, dark clothes, etc
  • Get Moles checked if: asymmetric, fuzzy border, color varies, diameter larger than pencil eraser
• Lung Cancer
  • Stop smoking!
• Breast Cancer
  • Risk: 40+ years;
• Testicular Cancer
  • Risk: hernias and trauma
  • Self-examination
• Oral cancers
  • Risks: smoking, alcohol
  • Look for sores that won't heal
• Colon & Rectum Cancer
  • Bowel inconsistencies
  • Blood in stool

Other non-communicable diseases

• Asthma
• Diabetes (1 and 2)
• Anemia (deficiency in iron or vitamin B12)
• Lupus - Body's immune system attacks organs
• GI Disorders - Irritable Bowels, Ulcers, Bacterial Infections

Alternative and Complementary Medicine (CAM)

Wednesday, April 13, 2011

Doctors are getting better at prevention

Types be able to describe each and categorize:

• Biologically Based: diets, herbs, vitamins
• Manipulative therapies: massage, chiropractic Osteopathy
• Mind-Body Interventions: yoga, spirituality, relaxation
• Alternative Medicine: Homeopathy, Naturopathy Ayurveda
• Energy Therapies: Reid, Magnets, Qigong