PHL 3305 Lecture 33
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Physics II
Chapter 7
Formal cause is the first cause that gives rise to the other causes
- the "what-ness" of even immovables (i.e., mathematicals)
- agent cause brings about the formal cause
How Aristotle answers why?
- agent: "that this must follow from that"
- material: "that if this is to be, then that will be"
- formal: "that this was the essence"
- final: "because it is better in this way"
Chapter 8
Final Cause:
- why nature is a cause for the sake of something
- how necessity exists in physical things
Identifying strong correlations: "always or for the most part"
Art seeks a "perfection" that nature cannot achieve on its own
- recall art vs. science
Slade, Francis. "Ends and Purposes"
"End ≠ Purpose" — Not according to Dr. Lehman
Aquinas. On the Principles of Nature
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