BIOL 111 Lab Exercise 2

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Water

Cohesion Adhesion

Solutions

Solvent (water) Solute

Ionic properties

Thermal Properties

High specific heat capacity

pH

• pH paper (qualitative)
• Cabbage (qualitative)
• pH Meter - only quantitative test

[H⁺][OH^–]=1×10^–14

pH 4 means [H⁺] = 1×10^–4, therefore [OH^–] = 1×10^–10

Acids have higher H+ concentration ∴ lower OH^– (acids are sharper; the '+' sign has more points, so it's sharper)

Logarithmic scale: ph 5 is 1000 times more acidic than ph 8

Diffusion and Osmosis

Movement from higher concentration to lower concentration

Turgor Pressure

Pushing the membrane against cell wall

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