MARB 403 Table 19.1

Cooperative Behaviors in Vertebrates

Behavior	Terrestrial Examples	Cetacean Examples
1. Shared guarding and tending of young	Communal birds, ungulates, bats, elephants, primates, and carnivores	Tursiops, Physeter, Orcinus, etc.
2. Shared Suckling	Elephants, lions, bats, hyaenas, walruses?	Physeter?, Globicephala
3. Resource Advertisement	Chimps; others may lead without display (bats, carnivores, primates)	Aerial displays? in odontocetes
4. Cohesive food searching	Many birds, carnivores, ungulates, bats	Many cetacean examples, including special school configurations and signals for synchronization
5. Coordinated prey capture	Carnivores, chimps, mixed bird flocks?	Many odontocete examples
6. Provisioning and regurgitation among adults	Carnivorous and vampire bats, canids	None known
7. Alarm signals	Most social birds and mammals	Tail slaps and probably some vocalizations
8. Defense of other adults	Ungulates, primates, elephants, bats	Standing by, but according to age or sex of recipient in many species
9. Postural support of sick or injured adults	Elephants	Some delphinids
10. Parasite removal	Bats, rodents, primates, some carnivores	None known
11. Shared thermoregulation	Many mammal and bird species	None known
12. Shared mate procurement	Turkeys?, lions, baboons	None known
12. Shared defense of territory	Jays, tits, carnivores, primates, etc.	None known

J. Bradbury 1986